HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION METHODS ON WORK IN CONFINED SPACES

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of potential hazards and safe work procedures in the confined space area of the working of the oil and gas industry. The research method used was the application research method with a case study approach in the oil and gas industry in Balikpapan. The results showed that the potential danger in the room was limited by the danger of lack of oxygen, fire, poisoning explosion, irritation, static electricity, mechanical energy, extreme room temperature, dehydration, insufficient air circulation, slippery surfaces and ergonomic hazards. Safe working procedures in confined spaces were ensuring a safe working environment, use of PPE and work safety equipment, isolation of mechanical equipment, cleaning of gases and liquids, adequate air ventilation and adequate communication systems. The results of the study also recommended supporting the success of work in the confined space area to always be aware of the possibility of toxic gas, low oxygen concentrations and excess, the danger of work equipment and workers equipped with a gas tester.


Background
Confined space is equipment or work areas that have limitations in access and exit points, is not designed for housing and also contains one or more hazards. Limited space also means space that has a structure such that

The Research Purposes
The objectives to be achieved with this research activity are to (1) provide an overview of the dangers of working within a confined space area, and (2) provide an overview of safe working methods within a confined space area.

Benefits of Research
The benefits obtained from the results of this study are (1)

Method and Approachs Research
The research method used in this study is

Work Methods
The preparatory phases carried out are (1) ensuring conditions and safety in the work area of limited space before work begins (2) conducting a risk assessment. Risk assessment must be carried out to identify hazards, assess risks, and determine control measures that must be taken, so that all risks that exist in confined spaces can be minimized. All risk assessment results must be well documented (3)  insulation in the insulated process pipe section, and using two layers of isolation valves (7) isolating mechanical and electrical equipment.

Research Result
Hazards potential contained in work and confined spaces include (1) lack of oxygen (oxygen deficiency <19.5%) or excess oxygen in the air (> 23.5%) (2) fire or explosion caused by flammable and flammable gases and liquids (3) poisoning liquids, gases and other toxic gas vapors (4) irritation, burns or injuries resulting from direct contact with hazardous and toxic chemicals (5) explosions caused by flammable materials and particles (6) mechanical energy hazards (7) static electricity hazards (8) slippery, slippery and falling surfaces (9) ergonomic hazards due to insufficient space and workplaces (10) tripping, slipping and falls (11) extreme room temperature (12) closed / inlet lanes (13) struck down by falling objects / material from above (14)      The results of examinations and measurements of air temperature in the confined space after handling show that the condition of the confined space is an average of 26.5 o C within the safe limit for work inside. The measurement results of sulfuric acid (H2S) gas content in the confined space show that the average sulfuric acid (H2S) content is 0.0 ppm, within the safe limit for work within the confined space area.  The results of measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) gas content in the confined space after handling show an average of 4.5 ppm <25 ppm, within a safe limit work can be done inside the confined space.

3,2 Discussion
In order to support the successful implementation of work and activities in confined spaces, action is required in the form of (1) identifying the limited space in the work environment, for that requires an officer who is well trained, and has extensive knowledge about confined spaces to identify limited spaces.
(2) be aware of the possibility of toxic if the placement or installation is incorrect. (7) ensure that air testing is always carried out, that is by ensuring air testing before limited work in the room is done. The air test must include checking the oxygen content and the flammable and toxic atmosphere. In addition, it is also necessary to assess whether the work carried out will potentially cause changes in limited space conditions. The information obtained will determine the frequency needed to monitor and test the atmosphere in the confined space when the work in on progress.